Writing Samples   Carol Garfinkel


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Jump toSmithsonian Institution | The Tech Museum of Innovation | Brooklyn Botanic Garden | Shedd Aquarium

WRITING SAMPLE: Wade in the Water: African American Sacred Music Traditions, 1871-2001, Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service

[introductory text]
Listen . . .
Walk through this exhibit, and you can hear history.
Trace the story of music that was born in slavery
      and grew strong in Black churches.
Hear songs that helped unify growing communities
      of African American people.
Hear the roots of a tradition that gave us gospel
      and helped make popular music what it is today.
After you leave, maybe you'll even hear the impact
      of this tradition on your favorite songs.

[sample 1]
Songs united people in protest
Some of the same songs that gave hope to slaves also unified civil rights protestors in the 1950s and 1960s. As people gathered to fight segregation and racism, they sang church songs and spirituals like "Wade in the Water." They sang at sit-ins, in mass meetings, and as they were dragged to jail.

[sample 2]
Listen for the impact of sacred music
Many artists mix the sounds and themes of sacred music into popular music styles. Even in music with no faith-based message, you can hear--and see on stage--the influence of African American sacred music.

[captions]
Sam Cooke left the Soul Stirrers quartet to become a rhythm-and-blues legend. His "crossover" to popular music inspired many other gospel artists to do
the same.

"Queen of Soul" Aretha Franklin started singing in her father's church choir as a child. She brought the intense, expressive style of gospel music to her hit songs. The audience responded to her--much like in church--by jumping to their feet, clapping, and shouting approval.

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WRITING SAMPLE: Innovation Gallery, The Tech Museum
of Innovation

Intelligent Car

Advances in electronics drive today's cars

If you drive a new car, electronics help you start, stop, steer, stay warm or cool, and avoid accidents. Sensors and controllers in the wheels, engine, and throughout the car influence almost every aspect of driving. Some new cars even help you decide where to turn to avoid traffic.

Sensors pick up information about the road, your driving, and the car's response. Control modules respond to this information by adjusting brakes, suspension, air and fuel mixture, and other systems. Without you knowing it, your car engine gets less fuel or your brakes more pressure. The "intelligent" car manages driving for a safe, efficient ride.

Computers boost engine speed and efficiency

Compare this Cadillac Northstar engine to one in a luxury or sports car from an earlier decade, and you'll find this one provides more speed, better fuel economy, cleaner emissions, and better handling. A system of linked microprocessors makes this possible.

About 30 sensors and controllers in this engine send data to or receive commands from the car's "brain," the powertrain control module (PCM). The PCM also communicates with other computers, part of a data network that includes more than 150 sensors and controllers throughout the car. You see just a sampling of them here.

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WRITING SAMPLE: Discovery Garden,
Brooklyn Botanic Garden

[introductory text]
Welcome to the Discovery Garden

What can kids do here?

  • Be curious scientists
  • Touch and smell plants
  • Create toys out of natural objects
  • Enjoy nature
  • Hide. Pretend. Explore.
  • Get dirty!

Children are natural scientists; they learn by doing.
So let their interests and curiosity guide your activities.

[sample 1]
What do butterflies do at flowers?

They sip a sweet juice called nectar.

Watch a butterfly closely.
You may see it uncurl its special "tongue."
The tongue works like a straw for drinking nectar.

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WRITING SAMPLE: Oceanarium, Shedd Aquarium

What a Melon Head!

The forehead, or melon, of all toothed whales focuses the sounds used in echolocation, the whales' sonar system. But a beluga's very fat melon is special, because you can actually see it change shape.

In echolocation, a series of high-frequency chirps or clicks are sent from the nasal passages through the oil-filled melon. They bounce off objects and return to the whale as echoes, providing accurate information about what's out there.

When trainers are in the water close to our whales and dolphins, they can feel the echolocation as a tingling vibration.

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